ASTM D1598-15
ASTM D1598-15, Standard Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe Under Constant Internal Pressure, is an industry standard developed by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) that specifies a procedure for determining the time-to-failure of plastic pipe under constant internal pressure. The time-to-failure of a pipe is the amount of time it takes for the pipe to fail when subjected to a constant internal pressure. This test is useful in determining the long-term performance of a pipe, which is important in vacuum forming industry, as vacuum-formed parts are often used in pipe systems, as well as other applications that require pipes that can withstand long-term internal pressure.
This standard describes the procedure for testing the time-to-failure of plastic pipe. The test involves subjecting the pipe to a constant internal pressure at a specified temperature, and measuring the time it takes for the pipe to fail. The standard also specifies the requirements for the pipe samples, the test conditions, and the minimum number of test specimens to be tested.
In vacuum forming, the time-to-failure is important for applications where vacuum-formed parts are used in pipe systems, as well as other applications that require pipes that can withstand long-term internal pressure. This test method is useful to evaluate the quality of the finished product, and determine if it meets the requirements of the application, such as resistance to the pressure, temperature and time.
It’s worth noting that the result of this test method is specific to the test conditions, and the results may not be the same as those obtained in real-world conditions, as many other factors such as the material, the environment, the load and the installation may also affect the performance of the pipe. It is important to use multiple methods to evaluate the performance of a pipe and evaluate the suitability of the material for the intended application, such as burst pressure test, sustained pressure test, and long-term hydrostatic strength test.
In summary, ASTM D1598-15 is widely used in the vacuum forming industry as a test method to evaluate the time-to-failure of plastic pipe under constant internal pressure. This standard provides a consistent and reliable way to measure the time-to-failure of plastic pipe, and can be used to determine the material selection, evaluate the quality of the finished product, and ensure the product meets the requirements. This test is important for applications where vacuum-formed parts are used in pipe systems, as well as other applications that require pipes that can withstand long-term internal pressure.
ASTM D5947-18
ASTM D5947-18, Standard Guide for Vacuum Forming Plastics, is an industry standard developed by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) that provides guidelines for the vacuum forming process and the evaluation of vacuum-formed parts. This standard applies to all types of vacuum forming processes and plastic materials, including those used for thermoforming and pressure forming.
Vacuum forming is a manufacturing process in which a plastic sheet is heated to a pliable forming temperature, formed to a specific shape in a mold, and cooled to a solid state. Vacuum forming is used to produce a wide range of products such as packaging, parts for the automotive and medical industry, and architectural elements, among others.
This standard provides guidance on the vacuum forming process, including the selection of materials, the design of molds, and the parameters that should be controlled during the process, such as temperature, pressure, and time. It also provides guidelines for evaluating the quality of vacuum-formed parts, including dimensional tolerances, surface finish, and material properties.
Additionally, the standard also provides information on measuring the performance of vacuum-formed parts, including tests that should be performed to evaluate the physical properties of the material. This can include tests such as ASTM D648-14 (Standard Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position), ASTM D790-17 (Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials) , ASTM D256-17 (Standard Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics) and other relevant tests.
This standard is widely used in the vacuum forming industry as it provides guidelines for the vacuum forming process and the evaluation of vacuum-formed parts. It helps manufacturers to produce consistent, high-quality parts that meet the desired specifications, and it also provides a basis for comparing the performance of different materials and processes.
In summary, ASTM D5947-18 is an important industry standard for the vacuum forming process, providing guidelines for the selection of materials, the design of molds, and the parameters that should be controlled during the process. It also provides guidelines for evaluating the quality of vacuum-formed parts, including dimensional tolerances, surface finish, and material properties. Adhering to this standard helps manufacturers to produce consistent, high-quality parts that meet the desired specifications, and it also provides a basis for comparing the performance of different materials and processes.
ISO 9073-1:2010
ISO 9073-1:2010, Plastics – Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources – Part 1: General guidance, is an international standard developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that provides guidance for exposing plastics to laboratory light sources. The standard applies to all types of plastics and covers both indoor and outdoor exposure conditions.
The standard describes the methods for exposing plastics to laboratory light sources, including the measurement of light intensity, the selection of the appropriate light source, and the duration of exposure. It also provides guidance on the preparation of test specimens and the reporting of test results.
In vacuum forming, UV light exposure can be important as it can cause certain plastics to degrade over time, affecting the dimensional stability, color, and surface finish of the vacuum-formed part. This standard provides guidance on how to evaluate the exposure of plastics to UV light in a laboratory setting. It helps manufacturers to determine the effect of UV light on their products and to make informed decisions about the suitability of the material for their intended application.
The standard also gives guidance on how to select the appropriate light source, as different light sources have different spectral characteristics, and the spectral characteristics can have a significant impact on the results of the test. It also gives guidance on the duration of exposure, as the effect of UV light on plastics is cumulative, so the exposure time plays a critical role in the overall performance of the plastic.
It’s worth noting that this standard provides guidance for laboratory testing and doesn’t include information about the specific exposure conditions of real-world usage. Therefore, it’s important for manufacturers to combine the results from this standard with other tests, such as weathering tests, in order to evaluate the overall performance of the plastic under real-world conditions.
In summary, ISO 9073-1:2010 is an international standard that provides guidance for exposing plastics to laboratory light sources, specifically UV light. This standard is particularly relevant in vacuum forming industry, as it helps manufacturers to determine the effect of UV light on their products and to make informed decisions about the suitability of the material for their intended application. This standard provides a consistent and reliable way to measure the effect of UV light on plastics and can be used to evaluate the quality of the finished product and ensure that it meets the desired specifications.
ASTM D638-14
ASTM D638-14, Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics, is an industry standard developed by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) that provides guidelines for determining the tensile properties of plastics. This standard applies to a wide range of plastics materials, including those used in vacuum forming, in both raw form, and as finished products.
Tensile properties of plastics refer to the strength and ability of the material to withstand a force applied in a tensile or stretching direction without breaking. The most common tensile properties measured are tensile modulus, tensile strength, elongation at break, and the strain at break. These properties are important in vacuum forming, as the plastic sheet is stretched or pulled in order to conform to the shape of the mold during the forming process. The sheet must have adequate strength to retain its shape during and after the forming process, and also should be flexible enough to allow for the proper forming.
This standard describes the procedure for determining the tensile properties of plastics, including the specimen preparation, the testing apparatus, the test conditions, and the calculations and reporting of test results. The procedure involves applying a tensile load to the test specimen until it breaks, and measuring the load and the elongation at various intervals during the test. The standard also specifies the requirements for the test specimens, including the size, shape, and preparation of the specimens.
This standard is widely used in the vacuum forming industry as a way to evaluate the suitability of different materials for different applications. Materials with a high tensile modulus, strength and high elongation at break are generally more suitable for vacuum forming because they will retain their shape better during the forming process and will be less likely to warp or crack. Additionally, it helps manufacturers to evaluate the quality of the finished product and to ensure it meets the desired specifications.
It’s worth noting that vacuum forming is a manufacturing process which needs the combination of multiple properties from a material, such as the heat resistance, impact resistance, dimensional stability and so on. The result from this standard is just one part of the data that can be used to evaluate the suitability of a material for vacuum forming. Manufacturers should always consider multiple aspects when choosing materials for a specific application.
ASTM D256-17
ASTM D256-17, “Standard Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics” is a standard test method used to measure the resistance of a plastic material to impact. The test is performed by breaking a notched sample of the material using a pendulum-like device, and measuring the energy required to break the sample. The test results are typically reported in units of foot-pounds or joules.
This test method is useful for determining the resistance of a material to impact from a variety of sources, such as falling objects, transportation impact, and handling impact. The test is performed at room temperature and the results are used to compare the impact resistance of different materials.
Vacuum forming is a manufacturing process that is used to create parts and components from plastic materials. The process involves heating a plastic sheet to a temperature where it is malleable, then using vacuum pressure to form the sheet over a mold. The plastic is held against the mold using a clamping frame, and then cooled until it solidifies and retains the shape of the mold.
Vacuum forming is a versatile manufacturing process that can be used to create a wide variety of parts and components. The process is relatively simple and can be performed quickly, making it suitable for high-volume production runs. However, vacuum-formed parts tend to be less precise and less detailed than parts made using other methods.
When a product are created by vacuum forming, it is important that the material is selected correctly. The impact resistance of material will play a key role in the finished product ability to withstand external impacts. One of the method to test it is by using ASTM D256-17 to measure the impact resistance of the material before making the product. This will ensure that the finished product can withstand the expected impact loads during its intended use.
ASTM D1822-18
ASTM D1822-18, “Standard Test Method for Poisson’s Ratio at Room Temperature” is a standard test method used to measure the ratio of transverse strain to longitudinal strain of a plastic material at room temperature. Poisson’s ratio is a dimensionless value that describes the behavior of a material in response to applied longitudinal and transverse stresses. It is defined as the negative ratio of the transverse strain to longitudinal strain in the direction of the applied stress. A value of 0.5 for Poisson’s ratio would indicate that the material is behaving in a neutral manner, while a value less than 0.5 would indicate that the material is behaving in a more stiff manner, and a value greater than 0.5 would indicate that the material is behaving in a more ductile manner.
This test method is useful for characterizing the mechanical properties of a material and can be used to compare the behavior of different materials under similar loading conditions. The test is performed at room temperature and the results are used to compare the Poisson’s ratio of different materials.
Vacuum forming is a manufacturing process that is used to create parts and components from plastic materials. The process involves heating a plastic sheet to a temperature where it is malleable, then using vacuum pressure to form the sheet over a mold. The plastic is held against the mold using a clamping frame, and then cooled until it solidifies and retains the shape of the mold.
Vacuum forming is a versatile manufacturing process that can be used to create a wide variety of parts and components. The process is relatively simple and can be performed quickly, making it suitable for high-volume production runs. However, vacuum-formed parts tend to be less precise and less detailed than parts made using other methods.
When choosing a plastic material to use in vacuum forming it is important to consider its properties and characteristics, such as its strength, stiffness, and dimensional stability. One of the material properties that can be used to characterize the mechanical properties is Poisson’s ratio. By measuring the Poisson’s ratio of the material using ASTM D1822-18 before forming the product, it can be determined whether the material will behave in a neutral, stiff or ductile manner under a given loading conditions. This information can be used to optimize the design of the finished product, and help ensure that it performs as intended.
ISO 294-4:2011
ISO 294-4:2011 “Plastics – Determination of dynamic mechanical properties – Part 4: Method for the determination of storage modulus, loss modulus and complex modulus” is an international standard that specifies a method for determining the dynamic mechanical properties of plastic materials. The standard covers the determination of storage modulus, loss modulus, and complex modulus of plastics using a dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) technique.
The storage modulus represents the elastic component of a material and provides information on the material’s ability to store energy and recover its shape when deformed. The loss modulus represents the energy lost due to internal friction and provides information on the material’s ability to dissipate energy. The complex modulus represents the total elasticity of a material and is used to describe the material’s behavior under a complex load.
This test method is useful for characterizing the mechanical properties of a plastic material and can be used to compare the behavior of different materials under similar loading conditions. The test is performed at a specified temperature range and frequency, and the results are used to determine the mechanical properties of the material at different temperatures.
Vacuum forming is a manufacturing process that is used to create parts and components from plastic materials. The process involves heating a plastic sheet to a temperature where it is malleable, then using vacuum pressure to form the sheet over a mold. The plastic is held against the mold using a clamping frame, and then cooled until it solidifies and retains the shape of the mold.
Vacuum forming is a versatile manufacturing process that can be used to create a wide variety of parts and components. The process is relatively simple and can be performed quickly, making it suitable for high-volume production runs. However, vacuum-formed parts tend to be less precise and less detailed than parts made using other methods.
When choosing a plastic material to use in vacuum forming, it is important to consider its properties and characteristics, such as its strength, stiffness, and dimensional stability. By determining the dynamic mechanical properties using ISO 294-4:2011 before forming the product, it can be determined the material’s ability to store energy, dissipate energy and overall behavior under complex loads. This information can be used to optimize the design of the finished product and ensure that it performs as intended under different conditions.
These are the twelve standards of vacuum forming, the last article wrote the first five points of these twelve, and the article title is: The common standards and specifications for vacuum forming
Hope to help you.
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About Ditaiplastic
Ditaiplastic has been working in the field of vacuum forming since 1997 and today has more than 60 large production machines, more than 40 product patents, 80 employees, and a factory covering 12,000 square meters! It is one of the largest suppliers of vacuum forming in China! Kindly visit us at https://www.ditaiplastic.com contact us at amy@dgdtxs.com.cn or WhatsApp: +86 13825780422
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